Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Life Sciences SIG Gut Issues - Essay About Dietary Fibers Essays

Life Sciences SIG: Gut Issues - Essay About Dietary Fibers ===================================================== GUT ISSUES Life Sciences SIG ----------------------------------------------------- We share many experiences with the kings of old: pastries, for instance, and home entertainment and vacation trips to far-off lands. Ancient-day common folk knew nothing of such things. Then again, they weren't constipated... We are. Not all of us, of course. But enough Canadians so that some doctors call our a constipated society. And even if you're not constipated, your present day diet may be leading you to more serious complaints like disorders of the large intestine or colon. These, too, were afflictions of of the upper classes of old. Why? Because in general the rich refined their food, along with their lives, and so stripped it of an odd but essential ingredient called dietary fibre. Like its fellow carbohydrates, the various types of dietary fibre are the product of sunlight, water and carbon dioxide combining in green plants. Most form part of plant cell walls. But unlike the other carbohydrates, fibres do not break down into sugars in the human digestive system and then course through the blood stream fueling muscles and nerves. Rather, when eaten they tumble intact through the stomach and small intestine and end up in the colon where billions of bacterial feed on them - in turn producing intestinal gas. No wonder, then, that dietary fibre has been unwelcome in many of history's nicer neighborhoods. Even 20th century doctors reasoned that since the bulky material provided not a single nutrient, it would only strain already troubled guts. Accordingly, they recommended low-fibre diets for patients suffering from hemorrhoids and other colon disorders often found in the West. But then, about 15 years ago, the prescription was reversed as researchers found that poor Africans, who eats lots of fibre, rarely suffer from such complaints. Fibre, the researchers learned, actually eases the bowel's burden by mixing with water and other food residues to create large, Soon, nutritionists came to see the low-fibre diet of most North Americans as a culprit in the onset of disorders ranging from tooth decay to heart attacks. Increasing the consumption of certain kinds of fibre, they found, could slow the body's absorption of sugars to which diabetics are sensitive, and of cholesterol, which may lead to heart disease. Furthermore, fibres fight obesity. They're filling, especially the pectins in citrus fruit and the gums in some beans. And they're mainly indigestible. So dieters eating lots of fibre are likely to eat less of other, more fattening foodstuffs. As for why populations on high-fibre diets seem to experience fewer colon cancers, no one knows for sure. In any case, there is no doubt that fibre is nature's laxative, the dietary key to regularity. Nutritionists therefore advise you to stay away from foods containing processed and refined ingredients such as bleached flour and white sugar. Remember that meats contain little fibre and that overcooked vegetables and fried foods have lost much of theirs. Nevertheless, fibre supplements are usually unnecessary. Merely ensure that your diet is full of fresh fruits and vegetables - and some of the most fibrous foods such as bran cereals, whole wheat breads, peas, beans and lentils - and you, too, can eat like an old-time pauper.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Writing Confident Query Letters

Writing Confident Query Letters As someone who runs a website for writers (TheInternationalFreelancer.com), I see a lot of query letters from new writers. The thing they miss most often? Confidence. Writers who are confident know their story, what it hopes to achieve, and how theyre going to get the work done. Those who arent ramble on, send editors two different sides to a story and refuse to take a stand. If an editor has limited time and is paying good money to hire someone, which freelancer do you think shell hire? What can you do to become that freelancer? 1. Prove it to yourself James Clear, who is an entrepreneur, weight lifter, and travel photographer, writes on his blog about the time in his freshman year of high school when his basketball team had started the season with a losing streak. One day, their coach pulled them together and uttered these words: Confidence is just displayed ability. Put another way, youre not going to achieve something because you believe in yourself; youre going to achieve something and only then will you start believing in yourself. 2. Be cool Weve all met the writer who is so lacking in self-confidence that he emails you every week to please vote for me in this contest that Ive entered. Dont be that guy. You want the work, of course. Thats why youre writing. But youre not desperate for it and will walk away if the terms dont suit you. Even if you arent feeling confident, act like you are. 3. Sound like you know what youre talking about Youre pitching the story, correct? So it would be normal for an editor to assume that you know what youre talking about as regards that story. Make sure you do enough background research to know exactly why this story should be published and why it would fit into a publications pages. Look at it from the editors perspective: Why should she hire and pay for someone who isnt yet clear on what the story is and why its important. 4. Take responsibility Maybe, perhaps, usually, typically, most likely, and other such words and phrases dont have place in your query letter, especially if youre new to freelancing. Dont say He seemed to be angry, when in reality youre pretty certain he was furious. 5. Make a point If you have something to say, say it. Many writers are afraid of taking a controversial stance because the editor might not agree, but that is part of the reason youre writing the pitch- to suss out whether this editor is the right fit for your piece or not. And you cant do that if you tiptoe around what needs to be said. This is especially true in science stories and in most international reporting. Be confident in not only the data you bring to her, but the inference and the conclusions that youve reached as a result of it. 6. Practice Finally- and yet again- there is no weakness that practice cant overcome, no lack of confidence that practice wont make disappear. Practicing writing (and sending) queries helps you get better each time you do it and the better you get, the more confident your queries naturally start sounding. This is why Im a big believer in pitching as much as you possibly can, especially in the beginning. And that will translate automatically to the words on the page.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Faith, Culture, and Spirituality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Faith, Culture, and Spirituality - Essay Example In 203, Emperor Septimius Severus called for the systematic persecution of Christians. Perpetua and Felicity were among the first five Christians to be arrested. During their capture, they were participating in a baptism lesson. Following their arrest, they were imprisoned, subjected to trial and later persecuted. Though Perpetua remained strong in faith throughout the ordeal, her actions brought a lot of pain to those who had close relations with her, notably her infant son and her father. In as much as Perpetua was steadfast in fulfilling the demands of God, she paradoxically went against one of the Ten Commandments, which states that children should honor their parents.2 This essay aims to analyze the pain and suffering that Perpetua and her family went through on account of her faith in the course of her trial and death. Perpetua was born and raised in the noblest manner. She was raised in a loving family. She received education and after attaining the appropriate age, she joined the next phase of life, meaning marriage, where she was blessed with a son. Perpetua had a discussion with her father before becoming a Christian and shortly thereafter, she was baptized. Perpetua and her friends were captured after the baptism process. This imprisonment prevented her from demonstrating ideal motherhood to her son. Perpetua was denied an opportunity to bond with his son soon after she was captured as he lived away from prison.3 The intervention of Perpetua’s father allowed for her to see her son behind prison walls. Soon after her trial, she did not get the chance to live with her son again. This denied the son an opportunity to be breastfed and similarly, prevented the infant from receiving motherly love. Ideally, parents are normally expected to do all they can so that they can bring the best out o f their children. Perpetua’s willingness to remain firm in faith at the expense of her son also contravenes the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Implementation of Health for all Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Implementation of Health for all - Essay Example This makes the staff responsible and accountable. The administration can ensure the retaining of efficient workers by offering them a promising career in health services. The health for all children has taken a new shape with implementation of Hall 4 recommendations. In pre Hall 4 period the implementation was limited to enquiring the families about the child health and submitting the details to the concerned department, which use that data in policy making. But the report of Hall which is termed as Hall 4 concentrates on complete health for all children and extends the scope of health visitors from survey persons to a complete health care activist. The targets of the scheme had increased manifold. The process was not limited to health surveillance and it was extended to screening, diagnosis, timely intervention, extending the needed help and frequent visits to implement the advice. This type of policy was framed keeping in view that the health is the right of every child and by following a holistic approach. The prevention of physical and mental health disorders was also made the part of the health care activities. It stresses on giving support to f amilies to cope up with health needs of their children. Generally the deprived families approach health care when the damage was done. The Hall 4 implementation specially targets this type of parents and families and developed a frame work to contact them, advice them and make them enable to get assistance and the needed help from the agencies implementing health for all children: Hall 4. The implementation's target is to enable every child to start life in healthy condition; both physically and mentally. Previously the deprived children used to be disabled either physically or mentally by the time they come into contact with health services. The Hall 4 implementations include recommendations for this type of deprived families also. They are contacted at regular intervals to monitor their child health and motivate them mentally and for helping economically if needed. (Economical help here is to assist them to get income and making them to spend on the health improvement). Aim of the report The pre Hall 4 implementation of health for all services was limited to health surveillance. The implementation of Hall 4 recommendations is to attain health for all in both letter and spirit. In some PCT s the health care situation and the performance of health visitors are not satisfactory. The analysis of the present situation and the need of any changes in management and organisation should be discussed and evaluated. The intervals between visits of health visitors to the families having children are also a point of content. Till now the babies were checked at 8 months and 18 months age. But now it was being recommended that the babies were to be checked at birth, six weeks, six months, 1 year and 2 years age. But there are some perceptions that the gap between the intervals of visiting may result in disability either physically and mentally for children of deprived families. These different perceptions about the intervals in health visits were to be discussed keeping in view org anisational and managerial issues. In some cases it was felt even by the staff that the gap betw

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Secretary of State for Defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Secretary of State for Defence - Essay Example But the following are particularly his responsibilities: operations; personnel; policy (together with nuclear questions and European defence, oversight of main acquisition questions as well as defence industrial problems; media and communications; finance and effectiveness)1 (Lachman, Camm, & Resetar, 2001, p.27). Thus, the responsibility for soldier's deaths lies not only on Ms Molly Malone, in any case she shares it with the subordinate ministers (despite even the secretary's advice). Then if resigning, Ms Molly Malone should remind Opposition that she's not the only one responsible for the situation and, by the way, it is Opposition who has to control ministers' actions and to underline any kind of disadvantages before the action takes place and not after it. But it's necessary to understand that this report is not going to defend indefensible behaviour. In our country, we have standards to keep up, and they will be kept up for sure. I'd like to speak about balance and fairness towards our soldiers. Our purpose is, of course, to explain. ... The soldiering has met some important and unparalleled changes recently. I know for sure that the changes have made soldiers' life more difficult. Moreover, I'm sure we all need to understand it urgently. I'd like to show what these changes are. First, our context is understanding about what our armed forces do. You remember I think that the last conscript appeared the British armed forces forty-five years ago. But even since then our public have an instantly looser grasp of what it is to be a soldier in the new security environment we have today (Marcum, Weinstein, Hosek, & Thie, 2001, p. 89). Just 45 years ago people had a personal experience in the armed forces (almost all men had at least a direct experience of soldier life through national service). Today our Armed Forces possess the power and respect to assist in overcoming this lack of first hand experience. You know they are held in high regard and they have the chance to show to civilians the differences and advances to people's lives that the soldiers has performed. And this is the situation in which we all have a part, in assisting to overcome the gap which divides military and civilian people. It would be enough to say here that it creates the context which makes it more complex to realize the changes which are taking place in the military struggles and how they impacts our soldiers (Asch, 2001, p. 17). One of these changes is in the enemy we have. Our enemies in the 1st and 2nd World Wars wore the other uniform, but we were able usually to understand their aims and conduct. Our enemy then fought and had structure the way we did. But today's most dangerous, global enemy, (the enemy we face in our situation with soldier's deaths) the terrorist, does not. Thus, UK soldiers have risked

Friday, November 15, 2019

Callaway Golf Company: Analysis

Callaway Golf Company: Analysis The driver of the Callaway Golf Company is a world-class institution designed to provide a clear advantage, and to please different golf products, including breakthrough technology the backup these products significantly superior customer service, and generate a return to shareholders the cost in excess of capital. CGC was led by Ely Callaway, a powerful motivator who defined the companys culture. Its a world famous golf brand of club and product. CGCs sales had increased from 1988 to 1998. However, CGCs sales have decreased after 1999. What are the problems to stop that eagle? In fall 1999, Callaway faced these questions; the answers would guide him in refocusing CGCs retail channels, new-product development, and marketing strategies. In my case study, I will focus on new-product development and described my plan. Logistic include products transport, warehouse, and information processing center. Callaway Golf Club is in expensive price, but popular amateurs and professionals alike. Through its website and golf sporting goods stores, sporting goods retailers, large shopping malls selling its products in over 100 countries and regions,.(Hoovers, Dec) External Environment CGC is in the Cash cow. It means high relative market share and low market growth rate. Thats because CGC is well known in the world and their products in a lots of retailer stores and the clubs are famous. When Callaway buy the company, his first initiative is to develop original products. Product of golf innovation and superior performance is very important, because the equipment is considered to have a significant impact the performance of the players. In addition, innovation is very important too, because the CGC technology leader in sales of its premium products continue to exceed our customers expectations. However, his competitors more focus on specific target market. The technical quality of the product, to enhance the CGC of high quality brands and keep customers to replace the brand. The impact of the external environment, customers are more likely to have special clubs and low cast. To pay the annual high. The CGC is located in Carlsbad, CA(CGC official website) which full of sunshine. It is usually a good place to travel and enjoy golf. People in there might feel more relax than other states. Also, in CA, the employees are enough to do the work. Analysis For the external analysis, the company has a lot of opportunities. Many sports good manufacturers are expanding in the golf market. The aging of the worlds population, many old people play golf, they have flexible income to buy golf equipment. Also, in New England state, Mid- Atlantic state and parts of south west, there are many golf players and the number is increasing. (New York Times. Feb) In Figure 3, CGC strengths are new-products development and well known in the world. The weaknesses are high prices and company relied more heavily on off-course shops. The opportunities are new-products on existing markets and marketing strategies. The threat is new-products sales decrease, low prices, cannot have good value. I will talk about products transport and warehouse in my first step, information processing center will be a follow page. The catastrophic storm affects not only the golf round in the storm, but a significant period of time. The external analysis will change, because face different economic and compare the situation in the global market. There are several reasons that will treats the external analysis. The high rate of unemployment rate and the increase in the level of consumer debt. Rejected consumer confidence and spending is increasing year by year. The most important reason is that the increase in the euro against the U.S. dollar, sales in euros had a negative impact. For internal analysis, small golf club manufacturers, new technologies and new production methods to become the worlds largest manufacturer of premium golf clubs and a dominant force in the industry. (ELY: NEW YORK) The CGC sell more units, the highest price of more equipment than any other company in the business of golf. This is a successful marketing decisions and strategies. , And provide high quality at a high price sales. People will be willing to buy products and interest rates high. Callaway consumers can trade allowances. From their club to the new Callaway clubs. This option is for consumers to upgrade their equipment. However, the internal analysis is also have weaknesses. Callaway marketing is focused on promotion, by professional players. The company tracks imitate, resulting in higher administrative costs and loss of income, this is very difficult. Global Manufactory and Warehouse CGC need to set up manufactory in different countries for new-products transporting and saving. In figure 1, I can clearly find that CGC is in the Product development square, the top right side. It means new-products for the existing markets. To achieve that, CGC had to consistently be on the leading edge of technology and to continually exceed customers expectations (CGCs case page 505). CGC need to make new-products to continually exceed customers expectations. But that CGCs biggest challenge, therefore, was to have products differentiated not only from competitors products but also from its own. If a product stayed in the pipeline too long, even if it was the best product, its sales would begin declining. This decline occurred because the people who really wanted the product would buy it within the first two years of its introduction (CGC. 4). The key word is pipeline. What is that? Its a conduit of pipe, especially one used for the conveyance of water, gas, or petroleum products( http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pipeline). Yes, products transport. CGCs wasted time in new-products transp ortation. For instant, main manufactory transports new-products to global market need a month. If CGC has global manufactory, they just need a week or least in the transportation. That is the reason why manufactory set in foreign countries is very important stratagem. For instant, Apple Co. set his manufactory in China, cheap labor and costing, and than area manager saved those products in their warehouse in location and reported main logistic manager how many products they reserved. Marketing research, area manager build profitable relationships and create customer delight and reported main company about their areas demand. And they made every months demand figure for data copy. Manufactories know how much product they need to make and warehouse will has enough room for new-product and old one. Aside from that, global warehouse good at fix that demand exceeds supply and supply exceeds demand problems. In CGCs case, manufactory made new-product and transport to off-cause retailers h ave at least two problems. One is transport slowly, wasting time and declining value of new. Another problem is retailer hasnt enough room for new-products. The second question CGC tried to use other way to fix. Closeouts generally occurred when existing equipment was discontinued to make room for new products or when CGC had too much inventory itself and wanted to get rid of it. At the time of a new-product introduction, for example, if a retailer had eight of the previous clubs left in inventory, CGC would supply the store with one more new club for free, which brought down the average cost of the remaining inventory. Once a new product was introduced, the retailer had the discretion to mark down the remaining inventory to a price at which it would sell (CGCs case page 514). Its helpful to make room for new-products and low price to sell closeout. In 1999, CGC held its own closeout and sold $40 million of excess inventory of Great Big Bertha, Biggest Big Bertha, and Great Big Bert ha irons to the market at a lower price (CGCs case page 514). If they have global warehouse, that would be saving resource and decreasing supply exceed demand risk rate. Information Processing Center Information processing center is the place that customers require report department. Their have information collect and transmit system to support manufactory, warehouse, and logistic manager or decision center. In case, CGCs customers are from True friends shift to Butterflies. Customers are no longer loyalty and they just need the products to play golf thats it. New-products are the way to continually exceed customers expectations, thats a reason why CGC need to know what customers needs and wants. Golf was a difficult game whose participants emotions ranged from frustration to addiction, with passion and fun mixed in. Even when played in teams, golfers were very competitive with themselves. Golfers often blamed their equipment for their poor play and thus often wanted to update their clubs (page 506). Those are all different levels golfers wants and needs, high-level golfers doesnt matter what type of club they used. Average golfers want to play golf and win the game in golf clubs, so they will keep the clubs. Although ones mental state and skill level had much to do with on-course achievement, in golf, unlike almost any other sport, the equipment also had a significant effect on a users performance. Even though highly skilled golfers would play well no m atter what type of club they used, average golfers were able to see noticeable improvements in their game when they used premium equipment. Beginning golfers also benefited because the more forgiving clubs allowed them to make ball contact sooner, frustrating them less so they would not quit the sport prematurely(case page 506). Beginning golfers would more advice of salespeople. For a beginning golfer, buying new clubs was a daunting task. Retail shops offered a wealth of options that forced beginners to rely on the advice of salespeople(page 507). CGC need to have those require from information processing center and make marketing strategies, refocusing on retailer. For example, focus on salespeople training for new-products promotion. For a beginner, salespeople can promote new-products or some old-model with 30%-50% discount. Old-model with discount would easier for people needs. It would not cast a lot of money and good for closeout from warehouse. And CGC gives those salespeop le who are selling master 10% of $500 units sold encourage and 20% maximum. Those encourages also be used to information processing center to collect information from customers demand. And transmit this information to decision center. Summarize CGC has a premium pricing strategy. It provides a high-quality product premium average players who want the performance benefits of the product. Callaways strategy is successful, mainly because of its innovative edge. In addition, the average golfer that their products provide performance advantages. The country has contributed to the success of the industry. During this time the public interest in golf increased a lot. In addition, the market is not over saturated, the Internet is not in selling products an important factor. Establish a global manufacturer and warehouse sales will add new products and maintain profitability. And information processing center is useful to study the market and customer feedback and requirements. This will help from the external environment and threat reduction rate. Cities Callaway Golf Company. New York Times, 8 Feb 2013. Web http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/news/business/companies/callaway-golf-company/index.html Callaway Golf Company Company Information. Hoovers, 31 Dec 2012. Web http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Callaway_Golf_Company.fd42e2e0f3140749.html Callaway Golf Company (ELY: NEW YORK). Bloomberg BusinessWeek, 2 Feb 2013. Web http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=ELY What is involved in an ethical business? What is involved in an ethical business? Nowadays in our global world, national and international competition forces businesses to act in certain ways to achieve particular goals. Every company environment is made up of different cultures, values and believes which makes ethical issues to a complex topic. What is involved in being an ethical business and what are the benefits and disadvantages of being socially responsible? The following assignment explains the need for and some aspects of ethics in companies. It also gives a definition and a brief description on problems arising throughout global businesses and reviews a number of ethical frameworks and their application in company policies and practices. The assessment summarizes different theories, styles, and advantages. It also compares disadvantages and addresses the importance of company profits. It will sketch ethical concerns supported by case studies. To complete the assignment adequate grounds for a conclusion will be assessed and own judgment will be added. Introduction In the early 1980s Britains estimated energy bill amounted to over twenty billion pounds per annum. Throughout the 1970s continually rising fuel prizes had a direct and damaging impact on business costs and profits. Energy use, graphs and tables (1995-2002) Available from: www.dti.gov.uk/graphs/521chart.gif [Accessed 1/12/2005] People and organizations are increasingly concerned that supplies of energy and materials are likely to become scarcer and more expensive. Fossil fuels have finite geological limits and are subject to political, environmental and social questions. Whatever alternative sources may be developed in the future, days of plentiful and cheap energy are not going to return. Debates on business ethics are concentrating on social and ecological responsibility of companies within society which is regarded to be crucial in the external self-presentation and public perception of (economic) organizations. In satisfying our needs, business must be aware of those diverse topics and should aim on achieving a sustainable development. Sustainable development meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Companies positive responses to such issues are rarely altruistic. It is often for their own public relations or enforced by legislation. Findings-main facts about business ethics What does the word ethics mean? The word ethics originates from the Greek word ethos, meaning custom or character. Definitions have included phrases like the science of the ideal human character or science of moral duty. What defines business ethics? Ethical business issues are identifiable problems, situations or opportunities requiring a choice between several actions. It is a set of values, beliefs, goals, norms and responsibilities that members of an organization recognize and share. Business ethics and morality refer to well based standards of right and wrong and prescribe what humans ought to do- usually in terms of rights, benefits to society, or specific virtues. It also relates to how a company conducts its business to make profit. What is an ethical business? An ethical business focuses on giving positive contributions (i.e. providing goods, services) to the community without causing damage to the environment, exploiting its workforce ( paying low wages), using child labor, or producing products which are dangerous content. A company will seek to balance financial and human needs of their stakeholders (employees, customers, suppliers and shareholders) and ensure that it is ecologically sustainable. Corporate businesses are undertaken to create an environment of strong held values, tradition and culture. What relevance do ethics have in business? Companies do not operate in a vacuum, they are part of society. People expect certain standards of behavior from businesses (i.e. addressing its environmental impacts; provide fair salary to employees that can increase motivation). According to MORI research in July 2002, 80 % of the UK public believes that: Large companies have a moral responsibility to society. The 2002 major national survey of public perceptions of energy use (2006) Available from: http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/index.shtml [Accessed 10/05/2006] Corporate ethics- A growing trend In a world of finite resources, wasteful use of energy/materials is increasingly regarded as anti-social behavior and subject to diverse geological and political constraints. Environmental groups and political parties campaign to stop the destruction of ecology and resources. Efficient use of energy provides benefits individual enterprises and a wider society. A socially responsible business will respond to public demand for improved efficiency and includes consumer wants for now and the future. Firms are increasingly aware that ethics are a unique selling preposition in todays business life. Companies are incorporating social responsibility programs into marketing decisions. Increasing evidence indicates that being ethical results in valuable benefits: It can enhance public reputation and therefore increase profits. A recent study discovered that 84 percent of U.S. respondents have incorporated business ethics. A study found that 71 percent of UK companies used codes of ethics in 1991. The 2002 major national survey of public perceptions of energy use (2006) Available from: http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/index.shtml [Accessed 11/05/2006] Introducing strict ethical/environmental considerations in financial markets (FTSE Good Index) shows outperforming conventional stock exchange indices. Figures for the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (ethical index) in the US show that it outperformed the Dow Jones Global Index by 46 %. Griffiths, A.; Wall, S. ;( 2005); Economics for business and management; 1st ed.; UK, Prentice Hall; pp. 149 The ethical code-Code of conduct Ethical codes formalize rules and standards and reflect values and missions of a company. Leaders and members must have an obligation to operate in a consistent way meeting core objectives and society needs. Contributing to local, national and international communities by adopting a code of conduct can ensure honesty, fairness and respect in the organization and its environment it operates in. Developing a code of conduct Developing ethical behavior in an organization can be achieved by enforcing rules and standards that describe what the company expects of its employees and managers. To ensure ethical conduct, open communication and coaching staff are essential. Other important development factors include: Training/ including employees in developing a code of ethics. Clear channels of communication, trust and good employee-manager relationships Improved motivation to achieve objectives and goals Adhering to the guidelines of an ethics code A code of conduct requires shared commitment to achieve and develop high standards of production for its success. Open communication and coaching staff are essential but can introduce high costs and conflicts between share-and other stakeholders. Does being an ethical policy bring advantages? Being socially responsible enhances/protects corporate reputation and motivates/encourages loyalty and trust in organizations relationships. For example an ethical policy can reassure investors and stakeholders about the companys approach to its non-financial risks by providing a license to operate. Where do Ethical issues arise from? Ethical issues generally arise when marketers fail to understand risks of function, value or use of a product. Pressures can arise from substituting inferior materials to minimize costs or failing to inform customers about existing conditions or changes in product quality. Many car, gas and tobacco companies have experienced negative publicity associated with design or safety issues (as well as global warming, water pollution, noise and congestion issues) that resulted in control of their behavior by laws, regulations and higher taxations. Developing and selling a product which does not harm the environment refers to green marketing and must focus on long-term as well as short-term results. Most organizations participating ethics are beginning to realize that they have traded short-term profit margins for long-term morale and productivity. No matter what laws or regulations are passed onto the business, ethics cannot be externally imposed. Buying a healthy product, without considering its prize or shopping for bargains-neither side is immoral or unethical. Ethical companies will focus on all types of consumer wants and try to ensure working within their social mission. Taking social responsibilities towards stakeholders and evaluating the effects of a companys activity in its microenvironment (social auditing) involves/includes: Social auditing Benefits for company No difference between employees(equal rights) Increased motivation, established social performance Identification of ethical values and social objectives Easier identification of criticisms and meeting company objectives Understanding and applying customers views+ providing information for pressure groups Easier to measure performance/ results to make informed decisions about impact of activities, gaining new customers Improving brand and image attracts employees and perhaps leads to higher sales Management setting example to incorporate ethics Employees convinced being ethical improves organization (including profits) Being unethical can lead to: less resources for future generations and environmental damage due to wasteful use of energy high level of unit cost in economy which leads to being uncompetitive in world markets and trading performance increased poverty due to unfair distribution of money (i.e. wasting money on luxuries) price increase of non-renewable fossil fuels, leading to high expenditure on overseas supplies increase of private costs (i.e. wages, rent) and social costs (i.e. noise, pollution) violation of laws or company policies unfair balance to parties concerned both in the short-term as well as the long-term increase of private benefits (i.e. profits) and social benefits (benefits to the rest of the society) Becoming a socially responsible company has many advantages. However, managers of companys hold different views of moral positions. And sometimes, organizations have to choose between being an ethical company or striving for increased or kept profit. Often, companies and customers find themselves in an ethical dilemma by choosing between local or global spending. When money is spent globally, cheaper products are bought, creating a short-term advantage. This can have a negative impact on undeveloped countries if the buyers exploit their monopoly power and pay unfair prices to poor countries. Businesses therefore have to weigh up long-and short term decisions. Suppliers can increase profits by raising prices or reducing the quality of a product (bargaining power of suppliers). Therefore, underdeveloped countries with no other substitute products available have to accept the competitors demands or choose inefficient but cheaper companies to do the job. An example is the case study from Stuart Wall and Bronwen Rees book. Both describe Bribery and corruption by the World Bank as the single greatest obstacle to economic and social development. Poor infrastructure and higher pay from poor countries are often the result of bribes. Rees; B.; Wall, B.; (2004); International Business; 2nd ed.; England; Prentice Hall, pp. 212 Disadvantages of becoming a socially responsible business can include: At first the costly, costly, takes time and effort to introduce changes change of business culture, expensive and time-consuming to promote new culture loosing established customers conflicts of aims between share-and stakeholders (paying increased wages can loose business profit) new recruitment and redundancies of employees (difficult to be ethical since there is the need to get rid of staff in order to keep profit up) time-consuming to adopt to new image turning down low costs of production (i.e. labor) costly to change working conditions for labor being ethical introduces motivation which is not desired in every company adapting to new policies may not be profitable management and employees need training ( costs extra money) organization may not be able to cope with extra pressure increased quality of product will lead to raising productioncosts In every company, profit is an important objective for success and decision making. Being ethical can benefit businesses, society and economy. But should trustees make bad investments for social responsibility? Being an ethical company includes pressure of balancing profits and ethics at the same time (I.e. profits vs. exploiting stakeholders). Organizations have to invest in training, research, and product development. Only a few companies are immune to economic fluctuations and can stay committed to investment in societal behavior. For a new firm entering business, being ethical can mean less profitable short-run incomes that are desired to stay in competition. Larger organizations often have profit to enhance its reputation, creating greater long-term benefits even though is difficult to guarantee a big companys ethical status due to its involvement in many business activities. Customers expect quality products for a fair prize. Often, share-and other stakeholder get in conflicts due to increased prizes on the production of products. Many regard the government as being slow on promoting ethical behavior. Old motorways and power stations are contributing factors to the collapse of many economies. Reconstructions are costly and businesses as well as customers are often the ones suffering higher prizes. For example there is a chance for the UK of loosing out on the new industry for wind farms. Green peace is backing up NPower, defusing local protests for wind power. Creating a new type of electricity shows economic responsibility but is the company socially responsible by defusing customers views about the massive turbines? It can be argued that companies can use a of cost- benefit analysis to determine forecasts, outcomes and consequences. Known to philosophers as utilitarianism, this principle is best known by the maxim: Do whatever produces the greatest good for the greatest number- Do what best is for the best for the greatest number of people. Rushworth, M., (1995), Good people make tough choices, NY, 1st ed., firesides books, pp.24 Some businesses, like Nestlà © and Esso are acting accordingly to fixed rules, never mind the outcomes (Rule-based thinking). Often associated the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, this principle is firmly based on duty- On the way we ought to do, rather than we think what might work- Follow only the principle that everyone else will follow. Rushworth, M., K., Good people make tough choices, firesides books, NY, 1995, 1st ed., pp.24 Some organizations believe that shifting the business to an undeveloped country will reduce prices for production and wages for employees, therefore increasing profits for the company. This behavior seems unethical even if it can lift people out of poverty and assists to international development and the finance for decommissioning for a cleaner environment. The website maketradefair.com shows that 68 % of people in the UK supporting Fair-Trade but green products still command less than 1 % of the market. Make trade fair (2006) Available from: http://www.maketradefair.com [Accessed 16/04/2006] Some companies have had very bad publicity on this and are now trying to rebalance their practice. It can be argued that supermarkets not promoting their (by putting products on bottom shelves) products enough. Another reason is the increased price on Fair-Trade products. To underline the pressure of being a socially responsible business, the example of organic farming is given from the book International Business, by Stuart Wall and Bronwen Rees. Going organic includes changes in transforming middle-class specialties to a mass market phenomena for retailers. Farmers have to switch to natural herbicides and fertilizers which are benefits to society but can include extra costs (for the farmer and the consumer) and are easier to achieve with funding from the government. Those who buy organic food have to except higher prices because they are paying for sustainable, agricultural techniques and healthier food- People have to realize you dont get something for nothing. Simon Brenman, of The Soil Association. Rees; B.; Wall, B.; (2004); International Business; 2nd ed.; England; Prentice Hall ,pp 223-224 To succeed with environmentally friendly products, the image of benefits must be clearly defined and a market segment consisting of consumer who are willing to pay for better quality must be found. Countries have different cultures, values, beliefs and expectations. Companies operating internationally cannot transfer all business standards unchanged, expecting the business partner to understand their core values. For example, ethical codes tend to be seen as legal documents in the US whereas it is viewed as a social compact between company and its workers in Europe. Financial institutions are more experienced in the channels of communication and are sensitive to indices of firm performance. Often, those institutions have profit maximizing objectives but also enough income to spend on promotion and technological innovations to reach their customers to be socially and economically responsible. Promotion can create false or misleading advertising and manipulative/deceptive sales tactics and publicity. A major issue pertains the marketing of video games that promotes violence and weapons to children. Not every company has the choice of being ethical or not. For example the tobacco industry is regarded as being irresponsible towards society but is reasonably safe during market collapses, as they tend to have a safe and predictable profit flow. Defense companies benefited from higher arms spending following September 11 attacks on the US. Nowadays, even ethical businesses agree to. An example is the retailer Body Shop, agreeing to the takeover by French cosmetics giant LOreal in a deal worth  £652m. Anita Roddick, consultant, said the companys values (like community trade) would not change. But the organization has yet to show its commitment to ethical issues. LOreal takes over Body shop 2006) Available from: http:// www.clarionledordger.com [Accessed 12/05/2006] Evaluation Ethics refers to what is acceptable in a certain society. Organizational ethics is an important element and a unique selling preposition in business as it can determine beliefs and responsibility of the company in the eyes of society. However, it should not be assumed that doing good is desirable or acceptable. People expect certain ethical behavior from companies but they do not operate in a vacuum. Every country has different business values and views. Being social and ecological responsible in one country doesnt mean its ethical in the other. It implies that there is no morality of being right or wrong in ethical businesses. Companies focusing on future-orientated thinking are working within their social mission which can enhance public reputation and increase profits to remain competitive in todays business world.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Essay --

Ambiguous Adventure Essay Ambiguous Adventure, written by Cheikh Hamidou Kane, compares traditional Islamic education with the new western education that was introduced through colonization. The novel follows the journey of Samba Diallo whose home of Diallobe was conquered by the French and was being colonized. Ambiguous Adventure demonstrates the traditional Islamic education in comparison to the new western education and ideals throughout Samba Diallo’s journey. Samba Diallo grew up in Diallobe in an elite family. Diallobe was recently colonized by the French and his town is having a hard time assimilating to the French ideal and education. Diallo describes this colonization that â€Å"we have nothing left - thanks to them - and it is thus that they hold us. He who wants to live, who wants to remain himself, must compromise† (pg. 9). Diallo spent most of his childhood in the Glowing Hearth, a koranic school, being taught by his koranic teacher Thierno. Thierno believed that Diallo has a divine gift, and is especially hard on Diallo in order to drive him to achieve greater things. Thierno believes that Diallo will become the next koranic teacher of Diallobe. Diallo becomes a religious disciple, however right before he is about to learn how to apply his knowledge of the Koran, he is pulled from the Glowing Hearth to be sent to the new western school. â€Å"I had interrupted my studies with the teacher of the Diallobe at the very momen t when he was about to initiate me at last into the rational understanding of what up to then I had done no more than recite† (pg. 143). The Most Royal Lady is Diallo’s older cousin, and sister to the chief of Diallobe. She calls a community meeting and decides that in order to fight back against the coloni... ...t rather learn how to fight back. On the flip side, the Modern education represents the Modernist point of view during colonization. They want to learn how to incorporate parts of French culture and philosophy into their traditional Islamic ways. Samba Diallo makes the transformation into a modernist throughout the book, however he was never fully able to show his new philosophical knowledge because he was killed. If Diallo had completed his koranic knowledge, then he might of been rooted stronger in it and wouldn’t of been so torn between his Islamic roots and the new western ideas. Ambiguous Adventure shows how the traditional Islamic education and the new western education played a big role during the process of colonization. By: Ashley Fleetwood Word Count: 1,416 Kane, Cheikh Hamidou. â€Å"Ambiguous Adventure†. Melville House Publishing. Brooklyn, New York. 2012

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Hope Focused Marriage Counseling Essay

Unlike other explorations insinuated in the context of research, marriage counseling has been one of the unspecialized fields emerged with theoretical assumptions and practice (Stuckert, 2003). This however, has been the challenge to psychologists and practitioners in defying the thought that marriage cannot be taken into research since its hypotheses and results of practice have been acclimated, nevertheless the volume available for study is accumulated. Everett L. Worthington Jr. , a psychology professor and the proponent of over 150 articles tackling issues on marriage, forgiveness and reconciliation was able to find standard procedures on how to keep marriages anchored on Christianity based marital therapy. More specifically, through the light of his year 1999 published book, Hope-Focused Marriage Counseling, couples are to be taken to a self rehabilitation which will give hope to individuals who are living in a room full of skeptic viewpoints about marriage and eventually open a realization that his substantial research shall lead them to a path where â€Å"miracles do happen in the real world. † (Worthington, 1999) Overview Marriage is a shadow of the relationship that we are expected to have with Jesus—permanent, loving, committed. (Eph 5:32) Everett L. Worthington begins his book with a verse in the bible which depicts the meaning of marriage in the most moral and Christian way thus giving a connotation that helping troubled couples is not an easy task. However, she points out the fact that the extent of healing relationships is through developing a character of Christ embodied in every individual’s personality and manifest such with one’s relationships to his or her social network as well (Worthington, 1999). Further, he stresses that when a relationship has Christ as vanguard, life will be inhabited with the verity of love, faith and hope and that then is the start of a bright thing. Strengths What makes his book amazing falls on the grounds of analytic and realistic situations as the core of the gist of the whole scenario. Initially introducing theories then later putting the theories into practice makes readers able to divulge their selves in the dimension that the author intends them to live with. His strategies (advices, so to speak) draws out a hysteria which will make readers know their respective state in life at first, hence, for having been given the momentum to realize what is happening in their lives, they will seek for answers on how to save them from their presumed agony. Further, his approaches through exercises which are efficient to exhibit (Worthington, 1999)—drawing fundamental values, the promotion of confession and forgiveness, communication intensification, aiding conflict resolution, alterations of the pattern of thinking, intimacy development, and the cementing of commitment—gives grandeur to the book as readers can implement these exercises with their partners or core groups. Realistically crafted, he gives marriage counseling a twist by inculcating his own experiences which gives conviction to the statements and recommendations written in his book. One fascinating fact on the book is its distinctiveness in course, since unlike other books on marriage counseling, typically establishing manuals which synonymously suggest divorce or annulment so as not to complicate the situation, this book thinks otherwise. Though the author admitted that is hard and rarely possible in the contemporary society—divorce is legal and other forms of law that allow couples to â€Å"live† without the need of marital rites—still, he fervently believes that the sacred matrimony must be preserved even if others no longer accept as true the tradition and the essence of spiritual intimacy. These ideas represented in the book will coin back the integrity, accountability, prudence and proper teaching among couples. Weaknesses â€Å"Hope-focused rather than problem-focused† (Worthington, 1999) this is the toweringly hopeful campaign of the author. Thus, because of globalization, cultural diversity and the differences of every individual, there may be some who may not appreciate the book for reasons that inhibit the issue on dissimilarity of character, viewpoint in life, tradition and environmental influences. It is evident that the target audiences of the book are Christians—although optimistic individuals would also be interested in reading the book—hence this leads us to a remorseful realization that it will not drive â€Å"naysayer† or a pessimist to read it. Still, fingers are crossed on the intent of the book, and that is to spread the thought that â€Å"change is possible† and in the long run, every couple will be given a new outlook on their marriage for the benefit of their family. Conclusions and further remarks The functions of the husband and the wife bear a multifaceted blueprint of expectations of the responses which are to come from one another. Hence as humans, challenges and trials are inevitable aspects in life and must therefore be taken with full accountability after having vowed under the sacred matrimony and under the blessing of the church. However, in the present era, where several factors influence every person’s character and personality, asking for help and intervention from one who truly understands the quintessence of love and marriage is a an ideal act to do (Stuckert, 2003). Communication mostly is the main problem of couples and Worthington is able to help by producing a masterpiece which, with confidence, he believes will save troubled marriages. Forgive. Reconcile. Change can happen if one will listen while the other speaks. References Stuckert, R. P. (2003). Role Perception and Marital Satisfaction. A Configurational Approach. Marriage and Family Living, 25(4), 415-419. Worthington, E. L. (1999). Hope-Focused Marriage Counseling: A Guide to Brief Therapy. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Marketing Communication Plan Panama Essay Example

Marketing Communication Plan Panama Essay Example Marketing Communication Plan Panama Essay Marketing Communication Plan Panama Essay Essay Topic: The Birth Mark A Marketing Communication Plan for Panama 2nd Edition Written by: Nicoline Becker Table of content 1. Introduction 2. Background 3. The Situation Analysis Company Analysis Competitor Analysis Consumer Analysis Product Analysis SWOT- Analysis 4. Marketing Communication Objectives 5. Marketing Communication Strategy 6. Marketing Communication Mix The core concept Sales promotion 7. Planning 8. Budget 9. Evaluation Feedback 10. Appendix Research Agency Briefing 1. Introduction By means of this document, the approach to Panama* is to present a marketing communication plan proposal. The assignment is to fulfil panama*s objectives for the upcoming year. Therefore a marketing communication plan will be written. The aspects of marketing communication is to bring advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing into one marketing mix together. To achieve the objectives of panama the communication plan has been researched and developed based on the following considerations: The marketing analysis: the needs, characteristics and environment of panama and its competitors are analyzed, and the target group is defined -The marketing objectives: the objectives of panama will be described in detail for the up coming year -Marketing strategy: here the strategy for achieving the objectives will be explained and the target group will be described in detail as well -Marketing operations and implementation: how to work with the marketing mix, which chann els and promotion tools will be used, taking costs into consideration. 2. Background Over the last few years, the entertainment industry has become bigger and bigger. People can chose from a broad variety of offers to spend their leisure time. In the Netherlands Panama* is a famous night entertainment venue. Located in Amsterdam it offers the customer a unique experience of a combination of a restaurant, theatre and night club. Panama*? s competition is large; therefore a good marketing communication is essential. If a club like Panama* does not communicate well to its target audience, people will go to the competing clubs because they are not aware of what Panama* offers them. The main focus of Panama* is on its DJs. People come to the club because of the popular DJs that play. Panama* wants to attract more loyal customers who come and visit the club on a regular basis. They want them to come because they like the club, not only because of the DJs. Furthermore they want to promote the restaurant and the theatre, because people are not aware of the fact that Panama* is more than a night club. This means, Panama* needs to come up with a strong marketing communication plan, to increase visitors and especially loyal visitors. Strong promotional tools re needed to make the communication mix strong and effective. The campaign should fit to the image and reputation of Panama*. 3. The Situation Analysis This aspect of the work comprehends the factors of demand from the different target groups. And with this information, it is possible to assess the competition and forecast their possible responses. 3. 1. Company Analysis Panama* 4 Oostelijke Handelskade Amsterdam, Telephone: 00 31 20 311 8686 Hours: Mon Sun 11am 11pm Panama* takes a lead role within the Leisure-Entertainment Industry of the Netherlands and far across over any boundaries. Panama* is a night club located in the harbour of Amsterdam. Besides being a night club, Panama* also locates a very good restaurant and theatre where live performances of bands, DJs and comedians take place. It is known for its exclusive atmosphere and special decoration. The restaurant can be divided into interior and exterior. During the summer a big terrace is open where approximately 100 people can enjoy dinner with the exclusive view on the Amsterdam harbour. The current communication is mainly focused on the website of Panama*. From the website people can get information about upcoming events, shows and DJs. It is the main tool to communicate to the target audience. Furthermore Panama* communicates to people from all over the world by all their famous DJs. The DJs go to internationally known hot spots of the industry, like Ibiza, Las Vegas and Miami and promote the club Panama* during their shows. People who visit these clubs abroad are aware of the existence of Panama*, so come to Panama* as soon as they are in Amsterdam. Another communication tool is the merchandising of Panama*. At the club’s shop you can by products that remind you of your stay at Panama*. You can also buy these products on their website. As a proof of the international awareness of Panama* an international website describes Panama* as follows: â€Å"Pricey wines and classy French fare are the name of the game at Panama – we just wonder why they didn’t call it Paris. Located in a spacious former Port Authority building on the edge of the city, it’ s a multi-room interior with restaurant, nightclub and theatre – perfect for an upmarket dinner, drink and dance with your date. Finely crafted cocktails are delivered to tables packed with a laid-back crowd of young lookers who are drawn to the high windows, soft light and minimalist decor. We say get your Panama hat on people. † ‘ worldsbestbars. com/city/amsterdam/panama-amsterdam. html’ 3. 2. Competitor Analysis Panama*, being located in the top location Amsterdam has to face direct and indirect competition. In follow there are the major competitors listed which are determined to be the Top 50 of the Netherlands based on the nominations of the â€Å"Night Temple Awards 2006†. PARTYVIBES. nl TOP 50 CLUBS / LOCATIONS CLUB / LOCATIONCityHits  » The Power Zone Amsterdam 12921  » Zebra Lounge Amsterdam 12700 Panama Amsterdam 9967  » Now Wow Rotterdam 9554  » Escape Venue Amsterdam 9336  » Ocean Diva Amsterdam 9045  » Hotel Arena Amsterdam 9003  » Club Vie Rotterdam 8328  » Lexion Westzaan 8292  » Happy DayZZ Culemborg 7891  » †¦ #50 Panama* surely has to determine all of those clubs as direct competition whereas a clear communication and brand positioning must be reached at the vision and impression of the target group. For this purpose, as Panama* is on rank 3 of the best clubs in the Netherlands, the focus is set on the direct competition of the Top 4 clubs which will be described in more detail as follows: Rank 1: ‘The Power Zone’ ‘The Power Zone’ is placed on the rank one of all clubs in the Netherlands. As Panama*, it is located in the city of Amsterdam where it attracts next to the inhabitants of the city also national and international guests. With exactly 4. 97 km away from the center of Amsterdam, the ‘Spaklerweg’ is easily reachable by car and public transportation within about 10 minutes from the centre. The concept of ‘The Power Zone’ evidently focuses on exclusiveness which is mirrored in their customer orientated services. For parking, taken as an example, the club offers a separate parking-lot (2 â‚ ¬) that holds space for about 800 cars where parking attendances direct the visitor immediately to a free spot. Offering even more sophistication, visitors have also the opportunity to simply drive their vehicle directly in front of the entrance of ‘The Power Zone’ where one of the valet attendant parks and returns on request the car. For this service a fee of 12. 0 â‚ ¬ is demanded, as parking in the metropolis Amsterdam relatively desirable. In comparison to Panama*, ‘The Power Zone’ does not offer a separate restaurant, but the ‘yummi-area’ where Chinese wok-food is freshly and in front of the eyes of the customers prepared. In addition to that, ‘The Power Zone’ offers an exclusive Cocktail- and Champagne Bar an d a VIP deck on which only listed guests with their company are being allowed. Overall, the concept centers on turning an evening-out into a total luxury experience whereas the factor music and exclusive drinks are in the centre of attention. Venue Description of the club ‘ The Power Zone’ Please note the table in the Appendix. This table clarifies the level of competition the concept of the ‘Power Zone’ offers in assessment to Panama*. Focused is hereby on the Target Definition, Concept Description, General Features, Location Availability, Communication Strategy and the Category Definition Venue Description. Rank 2: ‘The Zebra’ ‘The Zebra’ is placed on rank two directly in front of the rank of Panama* in the list of the best locations for the night-time in the Netherlands. In comparison to the Panama* and to ‘The Power Zone’, ‘The Zebra’ is directly located in the centre of Amsterdam at the ‘Leidesplain’ which must be stated as an excellent location as being attractive for regulars and visitors which are not familiar with the whole club-offer in Amsterdam. Communicated via the marketing strategy is clearly the focus on ‘The Zebra’ being a young, trendy location where visitors of all kinds will find what they were seeking for. Integrated in the concept is the transformation of fashion, style and sex-appeal whereby the diversity of visitors and the uniqueness of the location take central position. Music is taken as a feature for meeting people and having a good time while enjoying a cocktail, rather than listening to extraordinary acts. The major aspect of the ‘The Zebra’ is that exclusiveness is offered by providing the feeling of being trendy instead of having the feeling of being rich. In comparison to Panama*, the Zebra offers next to the club and bars no further attractions like a theatre or restaurant. The main and only focus is to entertain visitors with the night-club, in which several lounges and cocktail bars offer the opportunity for having a nice evening that promises the visitors to dance, drink and meet. Venue Description of the club ‘ The Zebra’ Please note the table in the Appendix. This table clarifies the level of competition the concept of ‘The Zebra’ offers in assessment to Panama*. Focused is hereby on the Target Definition, Concept Description, General Features, Location Reachability, Communication Strategy and the Category Definition. Rank 4: ‘Now Wow’ The ‘Now Wow’ is in comparison located in Rotterdam which is not minder a tourism-orientated city of the Netherlands. Even thought, Rotterdam cannot compete with the international reputation of Amsterdam, clubs like the ‘Now Wow’ mirror the diversity of the city. The ‘Now Wow’ is a club for young creative which are open minded and seek for new ideas and originality. ‘Now Wow’ visiting people can be coordinated in several (sub-) cultures which are creating an unique style that is reflected in the colour-rich interior of the club itself. Generally, the ‘Now Wow’ focuses on a younger target group then the Panama* while having a min. age policy of 18 years. Tickets and fees are only available at the direct sale at the entrance of the club which excludes certain exclusiveness like a special treatment for VIP customers how it is included the concept of ‘The Power Zone’. Now Wow’ catches the attention of customers not with luxurious items, lounges and bars. ‘Now Wow’ wants to be funky, different and therefore does not follow, but creates a trend. The club is in its offers similar to ‘The Zebra’ and has no separate restaurant or theatres which is includes in the concept of Panama*. However, being located at the ‘Maashaven’ the club offers an impressive scenery while being located very close to the centre of the city where many food and diner opportunities are to be found on every corner. Venue Description of the club ‘ Now Wow’ Please note the table in the Appendix. This table clarifies the level of competition the concept of the ‘Now Wow’ offers in assessment to Panama*. Focused is hereby on the Target Definition, Concept Description, General Features, Location Availability, Communication Strategy and the Category Definition Venue Description. Conclusion of the Direct Competitor Analysis As these examples of the Direct Competitors show, all night-clubs are offering the same feature, a night-out and entertainment, however due to this special package they offer, the experience of restaurant, theater and night-club, it differentiates itself from the competitors. Panama* focuses on the uniqueness of mixing a night-club with a theatre and a restaurant. This is attracting a rank of targets which can, and must be clearly separated. Panama* invites extraordinary musicians and DJs in order to create a reputation and attracting customers. Whereas being luxury in the interior and creative in their concept, Panama* manages to set a point in the list of clubs which led to the fact that the club is known world wide. 3. 3. Consumer Analysis The concept of Panama* must be recognized as a packaged variety of entertainment levels consisting out of four major elements: the Night-Club, the Cocktail-Bar, the Restaurant and the Theatre. Targeted are customers between the ages of 21 up to 40. Considering Panama* as a location that focuses on elegance, quality and value in their offers, Panama* is in the position of asking comparable upper-class charges. As a result, Panama*’s target group is being set on the middle to upper class of society. Target of the Night-Club: Targeted visitors of the Night-Club are primarily young customers between the ages of 21 up to 30. On the basis of high charges for entrance and drinks, visitors certainly can be determined as having an interest in exclusive treatment and an elite ambience. In addition to that, Panama* is astonishing successful with their concept of having admired acts and DJs which leaves the conclusion that visitors in fact are being attracted and aware of this intercontinental booming music-scene of trance, house and electro music. Thus, Panama*’s customers, of particularly the Night-Club, take advantage of the information flow offered via the website and, as a consequence, contribute more enthusiastically. Target of the Lounge and Cocktail Bar: Panama*’s Lounge and Cocktail Bar certainly is aiming towards exclusiveness that is certainly mirrored in the prices. The bar is targeting to a specific group by a price filter which un-casts the external targets. On behalf that Panama* sets a standard aiming towards a coherent environment. Target of the Restaurant: The restaurant is also a part of the package Panama*. While the club and the bar are already a high class entertainment, the restaurant is truly classy. The target group of the restaurant runs up to people of the age of 40. Market Analysis Panama* is located in the centre of the netherlands in amsterdam, a well kown citie around the world. It is the capital city of the Netherlands. The Netherlands represents an economically healthy nation in which the government has reduced its role radically since 1980. The ethnic origins of the citizens are very diverse, and the opposition to new ideas and cultures is barely null. For the prospective audience of the entertainment industry, Amsterdam would represent the most adequate venue for the coming objectives of attracting national and international visitors. The means of transportation ease for the public the use of alternatives to a car, promoting a very powerful unconcern for going out and consume the products of the so called night businesses. The presence of several competitive firms hinders the possibility of standing out and imposing the presence of a certain static concept in an effective way. Public is growing wiser over the marketing strategies of the different media they are being exposed to, and for the same reason, they are becoming reluctant to adopt an existing concept as a part of their lives. For this reasons, it is hard to retain a recurrent audience without a connection to them. That is because Amsterdam is located in the centre of Europe and easily to reach also from visitors of Belgium, England and Germany. As conclusion: The Netherlands is a country with an international outlook, where foreign visitors and refugees quickly feel at home. For centuries, Amsterdam has been a ‘melting pot’, and its lively, international and cosmopolitan atmosphere explains its popularity with other nationalities; close to half the city’s residents have foreign or ual nationality. This sets the basis for a stronger and loyal target audience for Panama*. 3. 4. Product Analysis Panama* should retain the expectations of the new consumer behaviors and trends for the entertainment industry. As the acknowledge and recognition of the strategies for promotion is evolving every day, the product must project the personality of the target it attracts. With that objective taken in to consideration, we plan to connect the ideal of Panama* with the exclusivity of its clients and the ideals of its competitors. Panama* is the experience of perform and be surrounded by a special elite. Panama* is the venue where people enjoy the presence of friends and colleagues. But Panama* is hidden from new public and that represents an obstacle for prospective members to adventure into the concept. People tend to search more for the event the company offers than the company itself. On the whole the target group runs from people of 21 to 40. Because Panama* is an exclusive place to go out, prices are higher than in other clubs. Therefore Panama* focuses on an upper class public. Due to that the new loyal customers Panama* is seeking for, should be more exclusive and attach importance to lifestyle and fashion. 3. 5. SWOT-Analysis Strength: Known world wide Famous DJs will play Wealthy target audience Special evening outOpportunities: Create more brand awareness Improve the Website Increase loyal customer rates Weaknesses: No regular guests on a daily basis Location Too high pricesThreats Club is only know for its DJ’s Too exclusive Losing customers to other clubs Strength The club is well known because of the top DJ’s who perform regularly. The club is located in the so called ‘Manhattan of Amsterdam’, which means it is a top location near the industrial heritage of the city. Parking space is highly accessible at Panama*. It is located closely to a highway, so it is an attractive place for business and leisure. Panama* offers an extent space where parties can be held, people have diner at the separated restaurant, have a drink or enjoy the theatre show. Due to the fact that panama* is exclusive the customers have a lot of money to spent, because they are well situated and do not watch every penny they spent. After researching Panama* and his competitors you can say that, the main focus of Panama* is the special night out they offer his guests, which includes the separate restaurant and theatre besides the club. It wants to deliver a whole special night out. This special treatment only offers Panama*. Weaknesses It seems that people’s decision whether to go or not to go to Panama* depends on the DJ that is performing, therefore the club is not sold out every night. It does not have customers who come on a regular basis to the club without the interest of the performance of the night. Panama* only reaches people who have a car or can afford to take a cab. The location of Panama* is also a weakness, because it is not located direct in the city centre of Amsterdam where it is easier to come too. The prices of Panama* either in the club or in the restaurant are very high. They only attract richer people. This is more niche marketing, so it is a weakness of Panama* that they can not target on a random public. Opportunities An opportunity for Panama* is to give the brand more awareness to the target group they could this via business to business. It could attract more guests’ will the club is sponsored via well-known brands, where the exclusiveness of the club will be better defined as well. When the exclusiveness of the club increases the amount of loyal customers would rise as well. Another opportunity for Panama* would be to improve the website, because it is the signboard of the club. It has to be more exclusive and trendy more what the target group has in mind about a special evening out and an exclusive night-club. Threats A threat to Panama* is that it is only known for it famous DJ’s but not for the club itself. It can happen fast that other night-clubs adopt the same strategy and then Panama* will loose his customers to other clubs. The number of coming guests would decline highly in times of a bad economy, because Panama* is a luxury nightclub and restaurant where people have to spent money when they are going there to have a nice evening out and when the wealth of the loyal customer disappears the customer disappears as well. 4. Marketing Communication Objectives The marketing communication objectives define what exactly Panama* wants to change with their campaign. The main focus should be to increase the numbers of visitors for the different aspects Panama* offers: The club, the restaurant and the theater. People should visit Panama* more regularly and not only if they know that their favorite DJ is playing. It is important to separate Panama* from its competitors but not just copying the competitors concept. In general Panama* wants people to come and visit the club, restaurant or theater if there is no special artist or DJ performing. Facts and figures for the club campaign: -Panama* wants to increase loyal visitor numbers by 25% during the next year Panama* wants attract people of the target group but have not been to Panama by 15% -Panama* wants to increase the number of daily visitors by 5% In order to measure the objectives the visitor numbers will be counted on a monthly basis. By this Panama* can figure out if the new marketing strategy works out or not and maybe adjust it during the time its running. For the restaurant the objectives will be different. The campaign will be separated from the club campaign. The results should be similar to the objectives of the club campaign but it is not expected to be as successful like the club campaign. Facts and figures for the restaurant campaign: -Panama* wants to increase loyal visitors by 15% during the next 6 months -Panama* wants to attract people from the target group who have not been to the restaurant by 25% -Panama* wants to increase number of daily visitors by 10% 5. Marketing Communication Strategy â€Å"An effective marketing strategy sells the brand, not the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Levick. In order to define the characteristics of the media used to send Panama*’s message, a communication strategy has been designated to pull visitors to the concept by inviting them to join a community that will expand without further effort. The marketing strategy will be a pull strategy. The targeted consumer will be pulled into Panama* by different tools. The overall strategy will divided into a strategy for the club and one for the restaurant. As a solid basis for the development of an effective marketing strategy is taken the fact that Panama* mainly focuses on the promotion of their Night-Club and their Restaurant. Therefore, in this Marketing Communication Plan, strategies for the Theatre are excluded. This decision is based on the fact that our research reflects a direct promotion by the play or erformance and not by the venue. 6. Marketing Communication Mix 6. 1. The core concept The Night-Club As mentioned, the target group for the night-club of Panama* is young, spontaneous and it wants to be up to date. Being brought up in an era in which the use of technical devices such as computers and mobile phones belong to the daily use, the marketing communication strategy of Panama* should take this aspect as resource for attracting new customers and motivate visitors to return on a regular basis. A new way to approach customers for the Panama* night-club is a sms-service. Based on this idea is an integration of membership trough which possible customers feel related, empathically connected and which is associated with customer-service. Panama*, being located in a demographically and geographically high-developed country, has the advantage of reaching the target via a sum of tools, whereas the mobile phone certainly is being used by the target most regularly. In addition to that constant use, the mobile phone owns the benefit in comparison to the internet, that incoming messages are most likely to be read instead of being directly erased or filtered by a spam finder compared to the e-mail system. A strong point for the choice of the communication tool ‘mobile phone’ is being underlined since these technical devices are being carried continuously with possible customers almost everywhere he or she goes. Consequently, the chance of the message to reach personal contacts of the receiver increases and therefore motivates word of mouth marketing. On behalf of actual procedure, the sms-service will be launched at 14th of February, Valentines’ Day, on which date an event is being held in Panama*. Embedded within a theme of being ‘connected’ to each other, Panama* therefore is offered the opportunity to invite all visitors of that night (and all events in follow) to subscribe for a sms-service whereas the actual marketing strategy is being hidden. Generally, the sms-service informs people about the latest news, events and performances and therefore has a similar function in communication terms as the website. Desirable features about the sms-service are in addition to the fact of being free of charge and without any further mental or physical costs. Furthermore, Panama* has the need for inspiring customers in general to visit on a regular basis. At the recent point, Panama* heavily promotes itself with having astonishing DJs and acts which is attracting the target. However, informing and advertising the target with the promotion of a certain DJ holds in fact the risk that visitors actually come to Panama* in order to experience a particular performance rather then appreciating the fact that Panama* always has exceptional DJs. In order to create the desire of the target to spend nights at Panama*, this image of Panama* certainly must be changed. Panama* must educate the target in so far via marketing communication, that not a particular DJ should be the motivation to go to Panama*, but the actual knowledge that Panama* always has good DJs and therefore any night is worth to go. In order to archive this communication goal, Panama* should include in the monthly event-schedule a ‘mystery guest/DJ’, by which is meant that the presence of a DJ is being promoted, however the identity of that guest stays a secret. Consequently, as being comparable with the concept of a sneak-preview in cinemas, visitors of such nights are being inspired to come on behalf of trust that Panama* will offer them a high-standard performance. The Restaurant The conception of the classy restaurant focuses on an individual target group (up to 40) in comparison to the additional core-concepts of Panama*. The target audience is clearly not attractable with a sms-service and the service would actually have a negative effect. In order to attract visitors in a target-suitable manner, we want to develop an advertising billboard campaign. All over Amsterdam billboards will be placed in the metro, on bus stops etc. These billboards will contain recipes of meals that are served at the restaurant of Panama*. The layout of the billboards is designed with the attractiveness of simplicity. Readable is a full recipe of a dish that is actually being served at the restaurant of Panama*. The dish is changing from week to week so that the city of Amsterdam will be filled with a menu-card of the Panama* restaurant whereas the recipe is actually given. Rounded up is the advertisement with a simple slogan; â€Å"TRY IT, Panama*†. The purpose of the campaign is clearly to increase the awareness of Panama*’s offer in dishes, whereby the simplicity of the concept aims towards a strong result. 6. 2. Possibilities for Sales Promotion The sms-service Panama*s sms-service is of course for free. The visitor shows the sms at the entrance and it is registered that he/she came that night with invitation via sms. If a user of the sms-service comes to Panama* 10 times because of the messages he/she received on his/her mobile phone he will become a member of the Panama* CLUB. The membership of this club is like a reward of the loyalty to the club. It contains special offers for the members, like not having to wait to get in if there is a waiting line outside of the club. Furthermore the member will experience special services on their birthday. First of all they will receive a birthday sms and an invitation to spend their birthday at Panama*. But this is not all. On their birthday night the member can be picked up from their home by a big HUMMER limousine with 10 of their friends. In the HUMMER they can have a small party during the ride to the club. They can listen to music, have a drink (a exclusive bottle of Champagne is reserved for free) and sing karaoke. . Time planning The sms-service The whole marketing campaign will start on February 14th. This day is Valentines Day and therefore a special event will take place at Panama*. Visitors can subscribe for the service in the foyer. From the next day on they will receive messages on their mobile about events, news and offers of Panama*. The duration of the sms-service is limi ted for 6 months. If it is very successful it will be extended for as long as it works. The restaurant campaign The campaign for the billboards recipes will also start in the middle of February to increase the impact of the strategy. The billboards will be shown for a week, the week during which the dish is actually provided at Panama* restaurant. The menu will change weekly, so all over Amsterdam you can always find a recent dish of Panama* restaurant. The duration of this campaign will be shorter than the sms-service. The recipe campaign is planned to end at the beginning of April. So the overall duration will be 1, 5 months. 8. Budget The budget for the whole communication strategy will be explained in a short overview of the different campaigns and services the strategy will consist of. Hummer Executive: including BTW and BPMsponsored by GM Billboard campaign â‚ ¬ 20000 Setting up the SMS-service Promotional MaterialActual Costs SMS-Service (average price of 17 Cent)7. 956â‚ ¬ / 52wks, 900 SMS / wk, 300 members Technical EnvironmentActual Costs Programming and setting up the Interactive Community on the webpage2. 500â‚ ¬ / package price for one year Total Costs 18257,85 9. Evaluation Feedback The best way to achieve the marketing communication objectives of Panama* is to give Panama* brand awareness and an exclusive touch for loyal customers to increase the total amount of regular and new visitors of Panama*. The strategy to achieve these objectives is a pull strategy where the audience is pulled into the club with the sms-service, the added membership with special treatment on your birthday and the teaser billboard campaign for the restaurant. The new strategies and campaigns create brand awareness for Panama* and show through the special treatment in the membership an exclusiveness that other night-clubs does not have. A weakness to the concept is that customers maybe feel irritated by the sms-service and sign out as fast as possible and then do not get a membership or even do not want to have it at all. Another weak point is the possibility of not noticing the billboard campaigns at all. Then new costumers will not get to know Panama* and the numbers for new visitors to Panama* will not rise. To measure the success of the campaigns and strategies the amount of customers visiting the night-club, restaurant and theatre are going to be counted. Also the numbers of visitors of the website will be calculated and the increase of the sales show if there is a rise in visitors. If there are more loyal customers can be measured through the amount of existing memberships. 10. Appendix 0. 1. Research To become a proper inside of the needs and wants of the target group, the awareness of Panama* and the overall future trends of clubs a survey had to be done in the city of Amsterdam. A couple of people were asked to fill out the questionnaire. Survey This questionnaire is a support for a marketing-communication plan for the club ‘Panama’ located in Amsterdam in order to figure out the impression of the club on people. Therefore we ask the public to answer the following questions in a proper way. The data is only going to be used for that only reason. Thank you Questions General background: 1. Have you heard about Panama before? 0 Yes, I have already been there one or more times 0 Yes, but I have never been there 0 No 2. To which age group do you belong to? 0 18-220 28-320 41-45 0 23-270 33-40 0 46 and older Detailed questions about Panama: 1. What do you consider most interesting about Panama? 0 Panama’s discotheque 0 Panama’s theatre 0 Panama’s restaurant and bar 0 All of the above Would you describe yourself as a regular visitor of Panama? Yes 0 No What do you think is the difference of Panama in consideration to other clubs? (More answers possible) 0The exclusiveness of the club0The prices 0The visitors / audience 0The service 0The performances and artists0The security 0The location0The theatre 0The ‘out of house’ activities and events0The restaurant and bar 0others: ______________________________________________________ What do you think is the target audience of Panama? 018-35 021- 65 021-35 018- 65 When you came first to Panama, where your expectations exceeded? Yes, totally 0No, I expected more From whom or how did you hear about Panama? 0Friends 0Internet 0An event 0Advertisements 0Others Panama has next to the club, restaurant and bar (†¦) many events; Do you think that those events are as important in your impression of Panama as the club itself? 0Yes, when I think of Panama the events totally belong to the whole concept 0No, the events are just an extra aspect from Panama 0No, I see the events totally separated from the club (restaurant, theatre, bar†¦) How do you feel when you visit Panama? (more possibilities) I feel entertained0I feel no difference from what I feel when I go to other clubs 0I feel rich0I feel young 0I feel exclusive0I feel confident 0 Others: ____________________________________ Do you think the entrance fee is justified by the offer? 0Yes, the club is exclusive and therefore the fee is also a guarantee for the desired audience 0Yes , the offer of Panama is so filled with variety so that the entrance fee should not be compared with other night clubs 0No, Panama is not offering enough to justify the entrance fee. No, the entrance fee and high prices keep me from being a regular guest at Panama Did you know that Panama is on position 36 of the world ranking of all clubs of this kind? 0No, that is new to me 0Yes, I knew that Outcome After analyzing the questionnaire you can come to the result that Panama* has a target audience which is in the age of 21- 40 earns good money and likes to go out into luxurious night-clubs. But the most people thought that Panama* did not offer another concept than competitors. Most of the people decide to go to Panama* this night because of the DJ who is playing there. The club does not have any speciality compared to another club or restaurant in Amsterdam. The most people thought that the value for money does not fit their expectations. Other clubs does provide better food or less entrance fee than Panama* does and the offerings were the same or even better. Group Discussion For the communication plan research questionnaire, a qualitative research was taken, by executing a group discussion between 11 people. For this discussion, Jose Antonio Bermudez Gonzalez, group member, performed as a moderator giving the research questions shown in the appendix. The results ended in the following conclusions. Participants: -Leticia Camino (Haarlem) -Jordi Buskermolen (Haarlem) -Ricardo Botello (Mexico) -Hilde Zenil (Amsterdam) -Steven Sinclair (United States) -Melanea Mota (Germany) -Roland van Selm (Amsterdam) -Ivan Romero (Amsterdam) -Marteen de Boer (Amsterdam) -Frans Keur (Hoofddorp) About the frequency people go out in a month. The group did not project a traight answer, as there is not a measure in themselves. About deciding where to go. There was a recurrent answer between the group, they decide on places they know and in which they could find the people they are looking for. In order to visit or experience a new place, it is more common to go with a group of friends than adventuring by few people. About the factors those make a club attractive. The participants vary in tastes and therefore t he answer was very general. People always will prefer a fancy and new environment, unless the theme of the venue in characterized differently. From music to fashion, from menus to foodservice or from cocktails to concept lighting, this industry is reached by fascination of some those will pull the others. About exclusivity. The most important characteristic of an exclusive place is the kind of people those are around. The level of savvy maintained by operators. Motivation of consumers to go to Panama* Panama* is on the top 50 list of the best clubs in the world. Being the 36th it attracts automatically people to go. A main reason to visit a certain club is the music. With a lot of internationally known and popular DJ’s, Panama* is the top address in Amsterdam. Customer Reviews On an international forum, worldsbestbars. com, clubbing experienced visitors can discuss and rate clubs from all over the world. The following comment is one of many about Panama*: â€Å"I have been there a few times this year because of the fantastic DJs. Howells and Digweed, to name a few. Of all the Dutch clubs Panama has the best (mostly) international DJs. To use old industrial buildings as nightclubs always work for me. The interior design is modern and stylish. I dont know about the drinks because most of the time I drink beer, and what can go wrong with that. It wasnt very expensive as I recall. The service depends on how busy it is. One time I wanted to get drinks at the bar on the balcony. It was impossible to get the bartenders attention and when I finally had my drinks and got my change, it consisted of a full hand of 50 cent coins. Handy for the toilets, but it didnt fit in my wallet. The next time I ordered he got the whole pile of metal back. But overall its a good nightclub. I have never been to the restaurant so I cant tell you about that. ( )†

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Analysis And Assessment Of Baumgartner & Jones Ag Essays - AARP

Analysis And Assessment Of Baumgartner & Jones Ag Essays - AARP Analysis And Assessment Of Baumgartner & Jones Agendas And Instability In American Politics I find a certain amount of difficulty when I attempt to offer an assessment of Baumgartner and Jones work, Agendas and Instability in American Politics. The reason for this is because the book is written in such a manner that it is enormously difficult to offer a conflicting argument to the model they use to describe how issues become part of agenda, the power of interest groups, policy monopolies, how power shifts, and other issues related to the aforementioned. For this reason, I must say that I find their model to be on solid ground. The previous reading assignments in this course which where mostly based on the writings of C. Wright Mills and his protg Robert Dahl read like the thoughts of writers who were desperately trying to convince the reader that they are right. To the contrary, Baumgartner and Jones made no real attempts to sell their research and rather presented their findings and beliefs in a way that seems to say to the reader that this is the way things are. Examples of legislative activity that seem to conform to their model offered to the readers of Baumgartner and Jones are presented in a way that basically shows the reader how their model translates into real life as opposed to an offering of evidence to bolster the correctness of their assertions. The notion of policy monopolies I find to be a very believable concept when describing the formulation, definition and promotion of issues in the American political agenda. Making an issue a taboo or untouchable or dangerous to national security, thus ensuring its longevity, perhaps even immortality. This phenomenon is most visible in the issues of Medicare and Social Security. Both programs are in deep financial trouble, but anyone who advocates even the slightest bit of change in either program is immediately labeled an extremist who lacks compassion for our nations senior citizens or a radical who is trying to move our country towards socialism. I am especially fond of two principals in the Baugartner and Jones model; issue definition and changing venues. Like most of Baumgartner and Jones work, when I attempt to scrutinize it, I find a virtual impossibility in offering a competing theory. When examining issue definition, I discovered that defining or attempting to define issues (sometimes referred to as spinning) is something I have witnessed on countless occasions. In fact, when I was a novice campaign strategist and lobbyist, I engaged in this practice without knowing there was a legitimate noun for what I was doing. Baumgartner and Jones contend that interest groups, institutions, politicians, and the like attempt to define an issue in a way that serves their interests. An example of this that immediately springs to my mind was a speech delivered by President Bill Clinton in early 1993 to the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) concerning the reforming of Medicare. President Clinton proposed a slowing of the rate of growth of the program to roughly twice the rate of inflation as a means of keeping the program solvent. Medicare was experiencing and continues to experience such an astronomical rate of growth that it cannot possibly remain solvent without a massive increase in taxation and/or a significant amount of borrowing from foreign nations adding to our already inconceivably monstrous national debt. Naturally, there was some skepticism about his plan as there is with every idea that would enact a change to an existing government program. Additionally, there was a heavy distrust of Clinton by the AARPs rank and file members after his tax increase on Social Security benefits. The growing concern amongst senior citizens was that the president was going to cut Medicare. In his speech to the AARP, Clinton jostled those who accused his plan of amounting to a cut by saying, Only in Washington can an increase of twice the rate of inflation be called a cut. In the end, a Democratic Congress kept the Presidents plan from ever seeing the light of day. Fast forward to early 1995, a newly seated Republican Congress began to debate a Medicare proposal that all but mirrored the Presidents 1993 proposal, with the exception that leftover surpluses would

Sunday, November 3, 2019

The 20th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The 20th Century - Essay Example To a great extent, the many challenges confronted by these nations were the result of doctrines and rivalries which originated in the West. The non-Western world of the twentieth century was largely shaped by the aftermath of Imperialism and by the influence of the Cold War. Imperialism was the dominant foreign policy of the European nations from the nineteenth century. Through this policy of expansion, the imperialists aimed â€Å"to get whatever was possible from the countries they controlled; whether raw materials, natural resources, or the sweat and blood of laboring native populations† (Lecture 3, 1). While economic exploitation was the chief objective of Imperialism, expansion of overseas territories also provided military and naval bases and established control over strategic locations and communication lines. Westerners justified Imperial domination through the belief that it was the â€Å"white man’s burden† to â€Å"bring the benefits of civilization t o his dark-skinned brothers† (Lecture 3, 2). Again, Social Darwinism proposed that â€Å"select human groups would and should flourish and rule over those that were less fit and less capable or developed† (Lecture 3, 3). The leading colonial power was Great Britain, whose â€Å"possession grew to cover an area 40 times greater than the homeland† (Lecture 4). ... h Africa was governed through segregationist legislation based on racial discrimination: the policy of ‘apartheid.’ Apartheid may be considered a direct reflection of Imperialism’s rationale of racial superiority and exploitation. It was the greatest challenge confronted by South Africa in the second half of the twentieth century. Bishop Desmond Tutu’s statement to the United Nations Security Council in October 1984 (Document # 5) is a scathing indictment of apartheid. Tutu condemns apartheid as â€Å"a vicious, immoral and totally evil, and unchristian system† (Page 8). The Group Areas Act, the Population Registration Act, and separate educational systems and townships for the different race groups, ensured that the coloreds, who constituted over â€Å"73 percent of the population, the Overwhelming majority in the land† (Page 7), were denied the franchise, land rights and equal opportunities. South Africa witnessed a prolonged, often violent struggle against apartheid. Finally, the release of Nelson Mandela in 1994 ushered in a new era of racial equality and reconciliation in South Africa. Imperialism, exacerbated by the post-war redrawing of national boundaries, was also the root cause of the Arab-Israeli conflict which was the major challenge confronted by the Middle East in the twentieth century. â€Å"More than any other region in the world it became an arena for political and military conflict and great power rivalry† (Lecture 20). The Ottoman Empire collapsed after World War I and the fragmented territory was divided between Great Britain and France by the United Nations as the Palestine Mandate. The British sowed the seeds of the Arab-Israeli conflict by making unfulfilled, contradictory promises to the Jews and the Arabs in order to advance their World